Indonesia is an upper-middle income economy according to the World Bank, having graduated from lower-middle income status in July 2023. Its 2024 GDP of $1.4 trillion accounts for 35% of the regional GDP of Southeast Asia. With a population of 283 million, Indonesia’s GDP per capita is $4,925, the fifth-highest in the region.
From 2015 to 2024, 23,200 aid and development projects were implemented in Indonesia by 93 development partners, totalling $109 billion in official development finance (ODF).
Key trends
Indonesia receives the largest volume of ODF in the region. However, disbursements have fallen over time, with an 18% decline in total ODF from $10.4 billion in 2023 to $8.6 billion in 2024 — the largest drop in the region.
Over the tracking period, ODF to Indonesia has remained fairly small relative to its economy. In 2015, ODF made up just under 2% of Indonesia’s GDP. This dropped to 0.6% in 2024. Indonesia’s 2024 ODF to GDP ratio is the sixth-highest in the region. Of its total ODF from 2015 to 2024, 72% comes from non-concessional loans.
New commitments to Indonesia in 2024 decreased by 53%.
- Spent
- Committed
Development partners
The Asian Development Bank (ADB), the World Bank, and China have been Indonesia’s primary development partners, together accounting for almost 60% of Indonesia’s ODF since 2015.
Chinese ODF spending in Indonesia has declined over the reporting period. While China used to contribute about a third of total ODF to Indonesia, disbursements have decreased since 2019. In 2024, China provided 7% of Indonesia’s ODF, amounting to a 59% decrease from 2023. China’s spending in Indonesia has been delivered exclusively through non-concessional loans, and has focused on large-scale infrastructure projects, such as the Jakarta–Bandung High Speed Rail project, which was completed in 2023.
The ADB has steadily increased its support for Indonesia, and in 2024 it was Indonesia’s largest development partner, providing 27% of total ODF mostly through non-concessional loans. This was a 40% increase from the year before. Support from the ADB has focused on the government and civil society sector.
The World Bank provided 13% of Indonesia’s total ODF in 2024, down from 30% in 2023, after cutting its spending by 64%. That left it Indonesia’s second-largest development partner. Its support primarily targeted the health and government and civil society sectors.
The rising role of the multilateral development banks in Indonesia has been supplemented by secondary donors such as South Korea, Japan, Germany, and Australia.
Sectors
The government and civil society and energy sectors received the most ODF in Indonesia between 2015 and 2024, each averaging about 21% of total ODF over the period. Focus has shifted between them: energy fell from a third of ODF in 2015 to 10% in 2024, while government and civil society rose to 23%. That growth has been driven largely by the multilateral development banks.
- Indonesia
- Regional average
Policy goals
The Southeast Asia Aid Map tracks ODF with integrated policy goals across three policy domains or cross-cutting themes (as distinct from sectors): climate action, gender equality, and disability inclusion.
Provision of intra-regional ODF
Indonesia is the sixth-largest provider of intra-regional ODF, providing an annual average of $334,905 from 2015 to 2024. Indonesia’s intra-regional assistance focuses on the humanitarian aid sector, with some contributions to health, education, and government and civil society. Around half of Indonesia’s intra-regional ODF has gone to Myanmar, followed by regional initiatives, Timor-Leste, the Philippines, Laos, and Vietnam. Indonesia receives a small amount of intra-regional ODF, mostly from Thailand.